raman’s blog

Being a poor country and one of the fastest growing economies in the world, there are some unique economic issues in India as explained below:

Low per capita income

Usually, developing economies have a low per-capita income. The per capita income in India in 2014 was $1,560. In the same year, the per-capita Gross National Income (GNI) of USA was 35 times that of India and that of China was 5 times higher than India.

Further, apart from the low per-capita income, India also has a problem of unequal distribution of income. This makes the problem of poverty a critical one and a big obstacle in the economic progress of the country. Therefore, low per-capita income is one of the primary economic issues in India.

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Huge dependence of population on agriculture

Another aspect that reflects the backwardness of the Indian economy is the distribution of occupations in the country. The Indian agriculture sector has managed to live up to the demands of the fast-increasing population of the country.

According to the World Bank, in 2014, nearly 47 percent of the working population in India was engaged in agriculture. Unfortunately, it contributed merely 17 percent to the national income implying a low productivity per person in the sector. The expansion of industries failed to attract enough manpower either.

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Heavy population pressure

Another factor which contributes to the economic issues in India is population. Today, India is the second most-populated country in the world, the first being China.

We have a high-level of birth rates and a falling level of death rates. In order to maintain a growing population, the administration needs to take care of the basic requirements of food, clothing, shelter, medicine, schooling, etc. Hence, there is an increased economic burden on the country.

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The existence of chronic unemployment and under-employment

The huge unemployed working population is another aspect which contributes to the economic issues in India. There is an abundance of labor in our country which makes it difficult to provide gainful employment to the entire population.

Also, the deficiency of capital has led to the inadequate growth of the secondary and tertiary occupations. This has further contributed to chronic unemployment and under-employment in India.

With nearly half of the working population engaged in agriculture, the marginal product of an agricultural laborer has become negligible. The problem of the increasing number of educated-unemployed has added to the woes of the country too.

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Inequality in wealth distribution

According to Oxfam’s ‘An economy for the 99 percent’ report, 2017, the gap between the rich and the poor in the world is huge. In the world, eight men own the same wealth as the 3.6 billion people who form the poorest half of humanity.

In India, merely 1 percent of the population has 58 percent of the total Indian wealth. Also, 57 billionaires have the same amount of wealth as the bottom 70 percent of India. Inequal distribution of wealth is certainly one of the major economic issues in India.

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Lack of access to basic amenities

In 2011, according to the Census of India, nearly 7 percent of India’s population lives in rural and slum areas. Also, only 46.6 percent of households in India have access to drinking water within their premises. Also, only 46.9 percent of households have toilet facilities within the household premises.

This leads to the low efficiency of Indian workers. Also, dedicated and skilled healthcare personnel are required for the efficient and effective delivery of health services. However, ensuring that such professionals are available in a country like India is a huge challenge.

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Conclusion-
Apart from these common issues there are various other issues which builds up into the problem and restrict India’s growth.Issues like women security, increase rate of Rape and domestic violence, Naxalism and child health care with education are some of them.

Author-

Raman Tirpude
MBA,BE (student)

The term Naxalism derives its name from the village Naxalbari of West Bengal. It is originated as rebellion against local landlords who bashed a peasant over a land dispute. This rebellion was under the leadership of Kanu Santhal and Jagan Sanyal with an objective of rightful redistribution of the land to working peasants which was initiated in 1967.

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1. Mismanagement of Forests: It is one of the main reasons for the spread of Naxalism. It started with the British government. The monopolization of the forest started with the enactment of various forest laws. The integration with the wider world led to an influx of a new class like moneylenders. The administrative machinery became more exploitative and extortionate at functional level.

2. Tribal policies not implemented well: Even during the post Independence era, the government was not able to stop the process of the tribal alienation and their displacement caused by large projects. Even the issues of food security were not fully sorted out. Consequently, Naxalism made inroads in Orissa and other states.

3. The Growing inter and intra regional disparities: Naxalalism attract people who have poor livelihood like fishermen, farmers, daily labourers and bamboo cutters. The government policies have failed to stem the growing inter and intra regional disparities. The poor people think that Naxalism can provide solutions to their problems.

4. Absence of proper Industrialisation and lack of land reforms: The half-hearted implementation of land reforms by the government has yielded negative results. The agrarian set up has not been defined in the absence of proper implementation of survey and settlement. This further damaged the agriculture production and the rural economy. Absence of proper industrialization has failed to generate employment for rural people leading to dissatisfaction with the government. It is also one of the causes behind Naxalism.

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5.Naxalite movement as the biggest threat

The Naxalite threat is the biggest security problem for India‟s future as its effects are multi-layered. The Maoist movement highlights India‟s interior weaknesses, which makes India also vulnerable to external threats. As part of globalization, threats such as the Naxalite movement can no longer be viewed as simply internal as it also affects external security. The security dangers are aptly described by a former Pakistani Director-General of the Inter-Services Intelligence and his description of India‟s foreign affairs. The Director-General equated India being busy with internal security problems to having two extra Divisions in the Pakistan Army for free. A nation cannot effectively withstand threats coming from outside its country if there is instability inside it. Furthermore, globalization has encouraged the emergence of non-state terrorist actors as well asinternational interference in each other‟s affairs. India has been one of the victims of international and state sponsored terrorism fuelled by fundamentalist ideologies.. India‟s regional neighbors are also external threats. For example, in 2004,the MHA was wary of the “symbiotic relationship” between the Communist Party of Nepal and Naxal groups in India. This means having military deployed along the border. In the past, India has also been involved in territorial disputes with China such as over Aksai Chin. Another reason why the Naxalites are the biggest threat to security is because of the way the issue affects India‟s economic development. This is apparent in several ways. For example, the more the Maoists concentrate on the poor and marginalized regions of India, the more economic development (which is imperative to improving those regions‟ conditions) will be hampered. Furthermore, the Naxalite rebels are no longer just focusing on remote jungles but on urban centers. Maoist leader Kishenji even declared that the group aims to establish an armed movement in Calcutta by 2011. Internal order and stability are necessary for a nation‟s economic development. For India to continue being able to withstand outside security threats, it must build up its infrastructure, its defence and its people. In terms of lifting its citizens out of poverty, India has a long way to go, and continued economic growth is integral to India‟s development as a strong global player. The Naxalite activities are using up scarce resources on defence and internal security when it should be spent on areas such as social development. For example in 2006, 22% of the total government expenditure is on the military, compared with a mere 1.84% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) spent on the social sector.

suggestions-

The complexity of the causes of the Naxalite problem as well as its implications both for internal and external security reflect a solution that is multi-dimensional and calls for a synergy between the central governments and the states. In order to comprehensively dissolve the Naxalite threat, the government has to address its root causes. Socio-economic alienation and the dissatisfaction with the widening economic and political inequality will not be solved by military force alone, which seems to be the main instrument employed by the government. The problem calls for a three-pronged solution: social and economic development, multi-lateral dialogue and military force. Socio-economic development:As the Naxalites are fuelled by discontent from the marginalizedand the poor, a larger percentage of the national budget must be allocated to addressing the needs of these regions. More of the national expenditure needs to be focused on developing these poorer regions through initiatives regarding health, education, social welfare and rural and urban development. Government service delivery should be improved in these tribal areas. Both state and government must ensure that things such as statutory minimum wages, access to land and water sources initiatives are implemented. In coming up with strategies for national economic growth, the government must always bear in mind the possible effects of fast growth for all socio-economic groups in a country as large and diverse as India. If the social needs ofthese marginalizedpeople are addressed, there will be no discontent to fuel the Naxalite‟s movements. Dialogue :Second, the government should initiate sincere dialogue with these marginalised groups, the Naxalites and state leaders. The popularity of Naxalites with the adivasis is a reflection of the fact that the government has been unaware or “unapologetically indifferent to their plight”. By communicating and starting a dialogue between these stakeholders, these groups will feel that they being listened to. By opening dialogue, the government can give opportunity for the rebels to join the mainstream by showing them that solutions can be created together with the government, by being part of the political system in a legitimate way. They no longerneed to resort to violence to get the state‟s attention. For example, the former director-general of AP concluded that as a result of the ceasefire and dialogue with Maoists in 2004, the violence in the state decreased by 80-90 percent in the region. As David Pilling noted, the challenge for India‟s leaders will be to allow the necessary development in these poverty-stricken areas while acknowledging the rights of a neglected indigenous group. Military:Currently, the main instrument employed by the government to address the Naxalite threat is the increasing use of the military. While some military force is still needed to combat against the Maoist guerrillas, it should not be the only solution. By only addressing the issue by brute force, government risks alienating civilians who are caught in the middle. Coercion of the state will only encourage people to rally against it. Governance:The growing Naxalite insurgency also reflects a flaw in the federal structure. Because law and order is seen as a state responsibility, the central government is unable to be implementinga coherent national strategy to address the threat. Ganguly notes that “in the absence of a near complete breakdown of public order or without the express request of the afflicted state, the central government cannot intervene.” The government has the overall responsibility of mobilizingdevelopment, but it cannot do sowithout the support of the states. The central government and the states need to cooperate together to solve the internal security threats and co-ordinate the implementation of this multi-dimensional approach. Both organizationsmust complement and support each other‟s initiatives and strategies.

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Author-

Raman Tirpude
MBA,BE(student)

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India, Biggest democracy in the world has once again found their strongest leader in the form of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Modi lead NDA government has once again got the entire support from all over india which madethem perform even better that their last loksabha performance of 2014.

In 2014, BJP won 282 out of 543 seats,this year they have increased its tally over 300.here are some of the reasons which helped BJP to continue to be in power.

Dynamic Leader Face

NDA is has a leader face as Modi ,but whereas with the opponent there was no such face. congress leader Rahul Gandhi was acceptable to couple of alliance partners in UPA. There was no unanimity among the opposition, there were various others like TMC leader Mamta banerjee , BSP supremo Mayawati ,SP Chief Akhilesh Yadaav who were ready to look forward for this opportunity .

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Divide Opposition

Although the entire opposition had the same moto of stopping Narendra Modi ,but they failed to come on a dice together. Internal disputes among the party leaders, mistake in decison making , strategical error and selfishness made them see this day.

UP which is the most important state in India , where “Bua-Babua’ came together were expected to perform much better , but both these parties BSP and SP are known for grabbing votes on caste based. But the this voting shows that people have come out of those caste barriers and have voted for country. Because in entire canvacing process BJP never asked people to cast their vote on caste,but they only asked people for entire countries development .

TMC,leader has saved her State ,but their as well BJP’s performance has increaed tremendously. the only state where BJP could not makes it mark are kerala,punjab and karnataka.

National Security

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National Issue has been really used By NDA gov. this issue only brought all indians together which help them alot to focus on entire india rather than going caste wise .

Balakot air strike was the strict step taken by Modi lead gov,which entirely slapped pakistan. although India has been always known for his patience actions. but Modi gov understood the peoples feeling and took a proper step to control these terrorist attacks. not only Balakot , in last 2 years indian arm forces have become very active and have given answere in tit for tat manner.

although in the end ,it was cheap that ,gov tried to take the entire share of army’s success .

Use of Media

NDA has used both print media ,an digital media to reach to the masses. the reports says that BJP has spend maximum money among all the parties on televison advertising and print media.

not only television media , BJP has used Digital Marketing to reach to the youths . As the most of the youths are smartphone users. through social media campaign and youtube display add they have tried to showcase the work they have done. where from opposition only congress was seen active on some of the digital platforms.

They have also reach to rural part of country through various schemes like ,’PradhanmantriAwas Yojana, Ujwala Yojana etc .which made them not only reach in rural part but as well in focusing rural women.

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At Last;

Once again in India Dmocracy has won ,and has given the chance to NDA to work for next 5 years. When it comes to democracy government as well as oppostion both plays very important role,its not the end for opposition but its the begining for them as well.India really shows the world how with all differences you need to accept each other and move ahead towards growth.

Author-
Raman Tirpude
MBA,B.E (Student)
Nagpur.

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